Credit data
Credit reference systems: CRA, CDS, LOS and LMS explained
Put four commonly confused layers in the right place and understand where a data service ends and a lender’s operating system begins.
Resource hub · Hong Kong lending operations
Practical guides for Hong Kong lenders covering credit data, LOS, LMS, eKYC, AML, credit scoring and rules, electronic signing, software procurement and Credit Data Smart readiness. Every guide explains the operating workflow and includes a printable self-assessment.
Credit data and CDS
Start with the data source, purpose and responsibility, then decide what a system should connect, retain and produce.
Credit data
Put four commonly confused layers in the right place and understand where a data service ends and a lender’s operating system begins.
Credit Data Smart
Map the proposed 1 June 2027 arrangements, 30-day data cycle, data ownership and submission rehearsals using official Hong Kong sources.
Free interactive tool
In about five minutes, assess scope, data inventory, reconciliation, the 30-day operating cycle, privacy and security—then receive a score, weakest area and five priority actions.
Origination and servicing
The front office decides and disburses; the servicing operation maintains accurate balances and customer outcomes. The hand-off is where gaps often emerge.
Loan origination
Design a traceable journey for application intake, documents, credit review, affordability, approval authorities, terms and disbursement hand-off.
Loan management
Connect repayment schedules, payment allocation, reconciliation, arrears queues, borrower service, settlement and portfolio reporting.
Identity, AML, decisions and documents
These guides explain the implemented workflow, the evidence retained for staff review, and the decisions that remain with the lender.
eKYC
Connect HKID capture, liveness and iAM Smart confirmation to exception review, privacy controls and borrower evidence.
AML
Design PEP, sanctions and watchlist screening, false-positive review, rescreening and controlled clear-or-escalate decisions.
Scoring and rules
Turn eligibility, DSR, exposure, scorecards, reason codes, versions and human authority into testable requirements.
Electronic signatures
Control templates, term merging and signer authentication through to completed copies, timestamps, delivery and audit evidence.
Background checks
Criminal records are not searchable in Hong Kong, but judgments, company and directorship records, insolvency, regulatory enforcement, adverse media and sanctions are. What can lawfully be checked, and in what order.
Billing and repayment
Instalment schedules, interest calculation, billing runs, payment allocation, arrears ageing and bank reconciliation on one loan record.
Lending data security
Role and company scoping, an audit trail that records reads, masked identifiers, encryption and controlled integrations — the questions worth asking past a certificate.
AI in lending
Where AI genuinely helps — document extraction, review assistance, anomaly signals, queue ranking — and where the decision has to stay with a named person.
Lending compliance
Turning licensing conditions, PDPO duties, AML obligations and reporting into controls that produce evidence inside the workflow.
Procurement and controls
Start with the company structure, approval authorities, information flows and reporting responsibilities—not the length of a feature list.
Buyer guide
Test operating fit, access controls, auditability, integrations, migration, implementation and exit arrangements using evidence from a real vendor demonstration.
Product information
The guides explain market concepts. These pages document what the Covenant Desk product and implementation approach actually provide.
Coming next
These topics are in the editorial queue and do not link to unpublished pages.
Tell us which guide would be most useful during your product discussion, and we will use practical demand to prioritise the queue.
Primary sources
Our guides reflect official material available on their review date. Requirements can change; each institution should check the latest licence conditions and obtain legal or compliance advice. The guides are not legal advice.
Next step
Try Customer 360, controlled access, AI-assisted review, repayment operations and CDS-ready data workflows in Covenant Desk.
Covenant Desk is lending operations software. It does not provide loans, issue credit reports or replace the lender’s final credit decision.